ABSTRACT
Chinese medicine prescriptions are a type of medical documents written by doctors after they understand the patients' conditions for syndrome differentiation. Chinese medicine prescriptions are also the basis for pharmacy personnel to dispense medicines and guide patients to use drugs. It has the legal, technical and economic significances. Chinese medicine prescriptions contain such information of names, quantity and usage. Whether the names of drugs in Chinese medicine prescriptions are standardized or not is directly related to the safety and efficacy of the drugs. At present, nonstandard clinical prescriptions are frequently seen. With "Chinese medicine prescription", "names of drug in Chinese medicine prescription" and "standards of Chinese medicine prescription" as key words, the author searched CNKI, Wanfang and other databases, and consulted nearly 100 literatures, so as to summarize current names of drugs in traditional Chinese medicine prescription, analyze the reasons, and give suggestions, in the expectation of standardizing the names of drugs used in traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To establish a high content screening (HCS) method by testing the phagocytic function of RAW 264.7, and to evaluate the effect of Dioscorea opposita on cell proliferation and phagocytosis in vitro. Methods: CCK-8 was used to measure the proliferation of RAW 264.7, and HCS was helpful to determine the ability of RAW 264.7 to engulf GFP-E.coli. Results: The best method was established by examining the time of administration, the amount of bacteria added, and the time of bacterial stimulation: administration time of 12 h, 50 times of bacteria, and stimulation time of 1.5 h. Then, the repeatability of this method was tested, and the RSD value was 2.31%. Compared with the group without drugs, at the concentration of 0.156-1.25 mg/mL, the water extract of D. opposita could promote the proliferation, and improve the average phagocytosis rate of every single RAW264.7 cell. And the samples had the strongest effect on proliferation and phagocytosis when the concentration was 1.25 mg/mL. Conclusion: An HCS method is established and firstly used in D. opposita. HCS has the advantage of accurate, intuitive, and high throughput. D. opposita can not only promote cell proliferation, but also improve the phagocytic ability of each single RAW264.7 in vitro. A new method is provided for further study on immune activity and on the mechanism of enhancing the immune activity that some tonic herbs may have, such as D. opposita.
ABSTRACT
Using the BALB/c mouse multidrug resistance model of leukemia, the effect of peptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) to the upstream signal factors of P-gp of MDR leukemia stem cells on the mouse tumor block was observed, and the mechanism of PESV to reverse the MDR of LSC was studied. At the same time, the expression of P-gp, MDR1 mRNA and PI3-K, NF-κB were respectively detected through flow cytometry, RT-PCR, Western blot and Elisa, and the mouse liver, spleen were examined via histopathological methods. The results of the experiment were as follows: mice of the control group didn't show any obvious changes, while mice of the other six groups all showed arched back, emaciation, liver swell, and inflammation was found in all liver tissue. The expression level of P-gp and PI3K on the LSC membrane of mouse tumor block was down-regulated; the expression of MDR1 mRNA in the cytoplasm was obviously down in the PESV low dose group, and which was inordinately up in the middle dose group and the high dose group. The expression level of NF-κB in the leukemia stem cell nucleus remarkably decreased. PESV had a outstanding role of down-regulating PI3K, NF-κb, MDR1 which were all upstream factors of P-gp, and to a certain degree enhanced the sensitivity of LSC to ADM. Therefore, this experiment explained one of the mighty mechanism of PESV to reverse MDR of LSC, and provided a foundation to further study of combinational anti-cancer effects of PESV.
ABSTRACT
The commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials is a measure of the quality of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), which directly impacts on the safety and effectiveness of clinical medicines. It is an urgent problem to establish a set of standards which can both interpret the scientific connotation of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials and play a significant role on clinical medicines as well as markets. This paper reviews the research methods of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials such as sensory evaluation, chemical assessment, biological evaluation, and cited the applications of various methods for the classification of TCMs. It provides technical support for establishing standards of the commodity specification and grade of Chinese medicinal materials, and also constructs scientific basis for clinical rational drug use.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Chemistry , Economics , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Economics , Reference Standards , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Quality Control , Research DesignABSTRACT
This study was purposed to establish and identify the model of extramedullary infiltration of CML-NOD/SCID mice. 24 mice were irradiated with 270 cGy of (137)Cs and absorbed dose rate 80 cGy/min, and were randomly divided into test group I, test group II and control group. The mice in test group I and test group II were injected with 5×10(6) and 1×10(7) K562 cells per mouse respectively, the mice in control group were injected with 0.2 ml of normal saline. The general situation and survival time of these mice were monitored, the extramedullary infiltration of leukemia cells was detected by histopathology examination and RT-PCR. The results indicated that at 4 - 8 weeks after injection, all the mice of group I and group II displayed extramedullary infiltration, suggesting that CML/NOD-SCID model was successfully established. It is concluded that the model of extramedullary infiltration of CML/NOD-SCID mice can be established by injection K562 cells into caudal vein, and can be confirmed by histopathologic examination and detection of BCR-ABL fusion gene using RT-PCR.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Mice , Disease Models, Animal , Injections, Intravenous , K562 Cells , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive , Mice, Inbred NOD , Mice, SCID , Neoplasm Transplantation , TailABSTRACT
This study was aimed to investigate the effect of polypeptide extract from scorpion venom (PESV) on PI3K, p-Akt signal protein regulating K562 cell apoptosis and its mechanism. The K562 cells were cultured with PESV for different time, the cell growth curve was determined by MTT method, the levels of PI3K and p-Akt proteins were detected by Western blot. The results showed that as compared with control group, the apoptosis rate of K562 cells treated with PESV increased, the levels of PI3K and p-Akt expression decreased. It is concluded that the PESV inhibits the proliferation and promotes the apoptosis of K562 cells probably through suppressing the expression of PI3K and p-Akt signal proteins.
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Cell Proliferation , K562 Cells , Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Metabolism , Scorpion Venoms , Pharmacology , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
NOD/SCID (non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient) mice are immune deficient mice which are made by backcross of severe combined immunodeficient mice with non-obese diabetic mice strains. NOD/SCID mice are both innate immune deficiencies and lack of T and B lymphocytes. Various tumor cells can be implanted in this kind of mice, the rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) occur fewer. Therefore, NOD/SCID mice gradually become a useful tool for the study on Experimental Hematology. This paper comprehensively reviews the biological characteristics of NOD/SCID mice, the establishment of human leukemia model, stem cell transplantation, drug research, deficiency and improvement of NOD/SCID mice in application for study.